- Varieties of Turquoise
- Formation & Sources of Turquoise
- Physical & Optical Properties of Turquoise
- Test and Identification of Turquoise
- Valuation and Buying Tips for Turquoise
- Synthetic Turquoise
Properties of Synthetic Turquoise: | |
Chemical Composition | Copper aluminum phosphate hydroxide hydrate with traces of Ca, Si and Mg; no Fe |
Hardness | 4 1/2 - 4 3/4 |
Specific Gravity | 2.56 - 2.75; closer 2.75 |
Transparency | Semi translucent to opaque |
Refractive Index | 1.598 |
R.I. Range | ± 0.01 |
Optical Characteristic | Doubly refractive, but only a single reading seen on refractometer; opaque |
Color | Blue |
Fluorescence | X-Ray - None ; SW UV -Very faint yellow green; LW UV - Moderate greenish-blue |
Spectrum | None to very very weak |
Inclusions | No characteristic inclusions |
TESTING :
Natural turquoise of the same intensity of color and properties shows
an absorption spectrum whereas synthetic turquoise does not.
Microspheres which are characteristic structural features of synthetic
turquoise under high magnification are not present in natural turquoise,
(Note: The so-called "synthetic turquoise"
distributed by Gilem SA, Geneva, Switzerland, may not be a true
synthetic turquoise because the tiny spheres are held together by a binding
agent.)