| Atomic Number | Name | Symbol | Atomic Weight | Common Valence in Gem Minerals |
| 1 | Hydrogen | H | 1.0078 | +1 |
| 3 | Lithium | Li | 6. 940 | +1 |
| 4 | Beryllium | Be | 9.02 | +2 |
| 5 | Boron | B | 10. 8.2 | +3 |
| 6 | Carbon | C | 12.00 | +4, -4 |
| 7 | Nitrogen | N | 14.008 | +5, -3 |
| 8 | Oxygen | 0 | 16.00 | -2 |
| 9 | Fluorine | F | 19.00 | -1 |
| 11 | Sodium | Na | 22.99 | +1 |
| 12 | Magnesium | Mg | 24.32 | +2 |
| 13 | Aluminum | Al | 26.97 | +3 |
| 14 | Silicon | Si | 28.06 | +4 |
| 15 | Phosphorus | P | 31.02 | +3, +5 |
| 16 | Sulphur | S | 32.06 | 2, +6 |
| 17 | Chlorine | Cl | 35.457 | -1 |
| 19 | Potassium | K | 39.096 | +1 |
| 20 | Calcium | Ca | 40.08 | +2 |
| 22 | Titanium | Ti | 47.90 | +4 |
| 24 | Chromium | Cr | 52.0 | +3 |
| 25 | Manganese | Mn | 54.9 | +2 |
| 26 | Iron | Fe | 55.8 | +2, +3 |
| 29 | Copper | Cu | 63.57 | +1, +2 |
| 30 | Zinc | Zn | 65.4 | +2 |
| 38 | Strontium | Sr | 87.63 | +2 |
| 40 | Zirconium | Zr | 91. 22 | +4 |
| 56 | Barium | Ba | 137.36 | +2 |
